Developments In Maritime Finance & Maritime Financial Centres海事金融与海事金融中心的最新发展海事金融與海事金融中心的最新發展
Busan Finance Center (BFC) · February 2024釜山金融中心(BFC) · 2024 年 2 月釜山金融中心(BFC) · 2024 年 2 月
Download PDF下载 PDF下載 PDF
Download PDF下载 PDF下載 PDF Publication Details出版物详情出版物詳情
- Publisher出版方出版方
- Busan Finance Center (BFC)釜山金融中心(BFC)釜山金融中心(BFC)
- Authors作者作者
- Simon Mills & Mike Wardle, Z/Yen GroupSimon Mills 及 Mike Wardle,Z/Yen GroupSimon Mills 及 Mike Wardle,Z/Yen Group
- Type类型類型
- Research Report研究报告研究報告
- Date日期日期
- February 20242024 年 2 月2024 年 2 月
- Pages页数頁數
- 828282
About Busan Finance Center关于釜山金融中心關於釜山金融中心
Busan Finance Center (BFC) is South Korea's dedicated financial hub, home to public financial institutions and a specialised centre for maritime and derivatives finance.釜山金融中心(BFC)是韩国专属的金融枢纽,汇聚多家公共金融机构,是海事金融与衍生品金融的专业中心。釜山金融中心(BFC)是韓國專屬的金融樞紐,匯聚多家公共金融機構,是海事金融與衍生品金融的專業中心。
Abstract摘要摘要
Authored by Simon Mills and Mike Wardle of Z/Yen Group for Busan Finance Center, this report examines how digitalisation and the net-zero transition are reshaping maritime finance and the competitive relationships between maritime financial centres. The maritime sector facilitates up to 90% of global trade by volume and contributes around $380bn a year via freight rates alone, rising to more than $14trn when shipbuilding, ports, insurance, broking and financing are included. The report notes a well-documented historical drift in the locus of maritime trade — dubbed "The Westline" — from Amsterdam to London in the 18th century, driven by financial innovation, trade expansion and geopolitical stability, and observes that today's maritime finance centres, including London, New York, Singapore and Busan, display both inertia and diffusion even as more than 60% of shipping traffic now runs through the Indian and Pacific Oceans.本报告由Z/Yen Group的Simon Mills及Mike Wardle代表釜山金融中心撰写,探讨了数字化与净零转型正如何重塑海事金融格局,以及海事金融中心之间的竞争关系。海事行业按运量计承担了多达90%的全球贸易,仅运费一项每年就为全球经济贡献约3800亿美元,若计入造船、港口、保险、经纪及融资等环节,这一数字将超过14万亿美元。报告指出,历史上海事贸易重心存在一种被称为"西移线"(The Westline)的著名迁移趋势——18世纪从阿姆斯特丹迁移至伦敦,其驱动因素包括金融创新、贸易扩张及地缘政治稳定——并指出,如今尽管逾60%的航运交通量已转移至印度洋及太平洋区域,但包括伦敦、纽约、新加坡及釜山在内的当今海事金融中心,仍同时表现出惯性与扩散并存的特征。本報告由Z/Yen Group的Simon Mills及Mike Wardle代表釜山金融中心撰寫,探討了數字化與淨零轉型正如何重塑海事金融格局,以及海事金融中心之間的競爭關係。海事行業按運量計承擔了多達90%的全球貿易,僅運費一項每年就為全球經濟貢獻約3800億美元,若計入造船、港口、保險、經紀及融資等環節,這一數字將超過14萬億美元。報告指出,歷史上海事貿易重心存在一種被稱為「西移線」(The Westline)的著名遷移趨勢——18世紀從阿姆斯特丹遷移至倫敦,其驅動因素包括金融創新、貿易擴張及地緣政治穩定——並指出,如今儘管逾60%的航運交通量已轉移至印度洋及太平洋區域,但包括倫敦、紐約、新加坡及釜山在內的當今海事金融中心,仍同時表現出慣性與擴散並存的特徵。
The report finds that banks have become risk averse since the 2008 financial crisis, prompting the development of alternative financing models that present a major opportunity for maritime finance centres able to specialise and outcompete larger rivals. It highlights the growing importance of maritime derivatives — pioneered by the Baltic Exchange in London, with Forward Freight Agreements now an important market segment — and notes that the sector has been relatively slow to embrace fintech, though the challenge of ship finance has spurred notable innovations, particularly the tokenisation of marine assets, which allows fractionised ownership and the spreading of investment risk. It also finds that a "grey fleet" of vessels evading sanctions by disabling automatic identification systems and falsifying locations may account for as much as 18% of the global fleet, an issue the authors flag as warranting further research.报告发现,自2008年金融危机以来,银行在放贷方面日趋审慎,这一趋势推动了替代性融资模式的发展,为能够实现专业化、并有能力在竞争中超越更大规模对手的海事金融中心带来重大机遇。报告着重指出了海事衍生品日益增长的重要性——该类产品由伦敦波罗的海交易所(Baltic Exchange)率先开发,远期运费协议(Forward Freight Agreements)如今已成为一个重要的细分市场——并指出,该行业在拥抱金融科技方面相对滞后,但船舶融资所面临的挑战已催生出若干值得关注的创新,其中最突出的是海事资产的代币化,可实现所有权的分割化并分散投资风险。报告还发现,一支通过关闭自动识别系统及伪造船位以规避制裁的"灰色船队",其规模可能占全球船队总量的多达18%,作者建议对这一问题作进一步研究。報告發現,自2008年金融危機以來,銀行在放貸方面日趨審慎,這一趨勢推動了替代性融資模式的發展,為能夠實現專業化、並有能力在競爭中超越更大規模對手的海事金融中心帶來重大機遇。報告著重指出了海事衍生品日益增長的重要性——該類產品由倫敦波羅的海交易所(Baltic Exchange)率先開發,遠期運費協議(Forward Freight Agreements)如今已成為一個重要的細分市場——並指出,該行業在擁抱金融科技方面相對滯後,但船舶融資所面臨的挑戰已催生出若干值得關注的創新,其中最突出的是海事資產的代幣化,可實現所有權的分割化並分散投資風險。報告還發現,一支通過關閉自動識別系統及偽造船位以規避制裁的「灰色船隊」,其規模可能佔全球船隊總量的多達18%,作者建議對這一問題作進一步研究。
The report identifies three key challenges that will determine the success of maritime financial centres over the coming decades: financing the maritime industry as banks and equity funds redirect capital to lower-risk sectors; achieving International Maritime Organisation net-zero targets, which will have "a seismic impact" on the commercial shipping fleet over the next twenty years, affecting shipbuilding, insurance and finance alike; and embracing technology, given that many maritime processes remain paper-based and reliant on intermediaries. In his foreword, BFC president Myongho Rhee thanks the Lord Mayor of the City of London, Professor Michael Mainelli, for his support of the research, and the report concludes that emerging centres with a strong maritime tradition, such as Busan, hold significant potential for sectoral growth because of their advanced maritime technology and active pursuit of new financial instruments such as sustainability-linked bonds and loans.报告指出,未来数十年间,将有三大关键挑战决定海事金融中心的成败:其一,随着银行及股权基金将资本转向风险较低的领域,海事行业的融资将面临挑战;其二,实现国际海事组织(IMO)的净零目标,这将在未来二十年内对商业船队产生"翻天覆地"的影响,同时波及造船、保险与金融领域;其三,拥抱科技变革,因为目前许多海事业务流程仍以纸质作业为主,且高度依赖中介机构。釜山金融中心(BFC)总裁Myongho Rhee在报告前言中,感谢伦敦市市长Michael Mainelli教授对本研究的支持;报告最后总结指出,如釜山这类拥有深厚海事传统的新兴金融中心,凭借其先进的海事科技及对可持续发展挂钩债券与贷款等新型金融工具的积极探索,展现出巨大的行业增长潜力。報告指出,未來數十年間,將有三大關鍵挑戰決定海事金融中心的成敗:其一,隨著銀行及股權基金將資本轉向風險較低的領域,海事行業的融資將面臨挑戰;其二,實現國際海事組織(IMO)的淨零目標,這將在未來二十年內對商業船隊產生「翻天覆地」的影響,同時波及造船、保險與金融領域;其三,擁抱科技變革,因為目前許多海事業務流程仍以紙質作業為主,且高度依賴中介機構。釜山金融中心(BFC)總裁Myongho Rhee在報告前言中,感謝倫敦市市長Michael Mainelli教授對本研究的支持;報告最後總結指出,如釜山這類擁有深厚海事傳統的新興金融中心,憑藉其先進的海事科技及對可持續發展掛鉤債券與貸款等新型金融工具的積極探索,展現出巨大的行業增長潛力。