Africa Labor & Employment Overview: COVID-19 Q&A Guide非洲劳动与就业概览：新冠疫情问答指南非洲勞動與就業概覽：新冠疫情問答指南

Published as a special COVID-19 edition of the CFC Africa Insights series, this Q&A guide was produced with the contribution of an active CFC community HR working group bringing together CWA Morocco, Nasrollah & Associés (the Baker McKenzie member firm in Morocco) and Sopra Banking Software. It is addressed primarily to employers navigating labor and employment questions raised by the pandemic across Africa, while the foreword stresses that non-payment of salaries should be a measure of last resort — the "ultima ratio" — and urges employers to show solidarity with employees rather than defaulting to a "no work, no pay" approach, encouraging remote work and dialogue with employees and their representatives wherever possible.本报告为CFC非洲洞察系列的新冠疫情特刊，由CFC社区一个活跃的人力资源工作组协作编制，成员包括CWA Morocco、Nasrollah & Associés（贝克·麦坚时在摩洛哥的成员所）以及索帕银行软件公司。本指南以问答形式呈现，主要面向在非洲各地应对疫情所引发劳动与就业问题的雇主；前言部分强调，非支付薪酬应被视为万不得已的最后手段，即"ultima ratio"，并敦促雇主与员工团结一致，避免简单采取"不上班不发薪"的做法，尽可能鼓励远程办公，并与员工及其代表保持沟通对话。本報告為CFC非洲洞察系列的新冠疫情特刊，由CFC社區一個活躍的人力資源工作組協作編製，成員包括CWA Morocco、Nasrollah & Associés（貝克·麥堅時在摩洛哥的成員所）以及索帕銀行軟件公司。本指南以問答形式呈現，主要面向在非洲各地應對疫情所引發勞動與就業問題的雇主；前言部分強調，非支付薪酬應被視為萬不得已的最後手段，即「ultima ratio」，並敦促雇主與員工團結一致，避免簡單採取「不上班不發薪」的做法，儘可能鼓勵遠程辦公，並與員工及其代表保持溝通對話。

Structured around five thematic questions — working from home, government funding, furlough/working time and salary reductions, leave and paid time obligations, and whether work council or union approval is required — the guide compares employer options and legal requirements across a range of African jurisdictions including Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, Nigeria, Cameroon, Senegal, South Africa, Gabon and Rwanda. On government funding, for example, it details Morocco's fund for COVID-19-impacted businesses (covering the March 15 to June 30 support period, including a 2,000 MAD compensation for employees who lost their jobs) alongside Tunisia's measures, including a 300 million-dinar SME support fund and tax-relief mechanisms, and Algeria's Executive Decrees N°20-69 and N°20-70 introducing exceptional paid leave and social-distancing measures.本指南围绕五大主题问题展开：居家办公、政府资助、停薪留职／工时与薪资削减、休假及带薪假期义务，以及是否需要工作委员会或工会批准，比较了摩洛哥、阿尔及利亚、突尼斯、尼日利亚、喀麦隆、塞内加尔、南非、加蓬及卢旺达等多个非洲司法辖区的雇主可选方案与法律要求。以政府资助为例，指南详细介绍了摩洛哥为受疫情影响企业设立的专项基金（支持期为3月15日至6月30日，其中包括为失业员工提供2000摩洛哥迪拉姆的补偿），以及突尼斯的相关措施（包括规模3亿第纳尔的中小企业支持基金及税收减免机制），还有阿尔及利亚颁布的第20-69号及第20-70号行政法令，引入了特殊带薪假及社交距离管控措施。本指南圍繞五大主題問題展開：居家辦公、政府資助、停薪留職／工時與薪資削減、休假及帶薪假期義務，以及是否需要工作委員會或工會批准，比較了摩洛哥、阿爾及利亞、突尼斯、尼日利亞、喀麥隆、塞內加爾、南非、加蓬及盧旺達等多個非洲司法轄區的雇主可選方案與法律要求。以政府資助為例，指南詳細介紹了摩洛哥為受疫情影響企業設立的專項基金（支持期為3月15日至6月30日，其中包括為失業員工提供2000摩洛哥迪拉姆的補償），以及突尼斯的相關措施（包括規模3億第納爾的中小企業支持基金及稅收減免機制），還有阿爾及利亞頒布的第20-69號及第20-70號行政法令，引入了特殊帶薪假及社交距離管控措施。

On the question of whether union or work council approval is required for measures such as furlough or salary reductions, the guide finds significant variation across the surveyed countries: in Nigeria, an employer must negotiate with each individual employee or their union representatives to vary contract terms such as salary; in Morocco, a company that considers itself in a force majeure situation may close its activities immediately, while Cameroon and South Africa require consent from staff representatives or employees themselves for substantial contract changes such as salary reductions; and in Senegal, employers must consult employee representatives before implementing furlough, although such consultation rights fall short of a right of prior approval. The guide closes by reiterating CFC's commitment, through its community HR working group, to help member companies safely navigate the crisis.在停薪留职或薪资削减等措施是否需要工会或工作委员会批准这一问题上，指南发现受调查各国之间存在显著差异：在尼日利亚，雇主须与每名员工个人或其工会代表就薪资等合同条款变更进行协商；在摩洛哥，若企业认定自身处于不可抗力情形，可立即停止相关业务；喀麦隆与南非则要求，若涉及薪资削减等实质性合同变更，须取得员工代表或员工本人的同意；而在塞内加尔，雇主在实施停薪留职前须与员工代表进行协商，但该项协商权并不等同于事先批准权。指南最后重申，CFC将通过其社区人力资源工作组，持续致力于协助会员企业安然渡过此次危机。在停薪留職或薪資削減等措施是否需要工會或工作委員會批准這一問題上，指南發現受調查各國之間存在顯著差異：在尼日利亞，雇主須與每名員工個人或其工會代表就薪資等合同條款變更進行協商；在摩洛哥，若企業認定自身處於不可抗力情形，可立即停止相關業務；喀麥隆與南非則要求，若涉及薪資削減等實質性合同變更，須取得員工代表或員工本人的同意；而在塞內加爾，雇主在實施停薪留職前須與員工代表進行協商，但該項協商權並不等同於事先批准權。指南最後重申，CFC將通過其社區人力資源工作組，持續致力於協助會員企業安然渡過此次危機。